Legal and regulatory environment that influenced the Internet Essay

The internet is a dynamic field which is a product of several influences, which at times are contradictory. The constitutions of several countries were created before the advent of the internet, the need to create and amend laws and regulations governing the internet have influenced the internet. However, two major issues that have been of legal and regulatory contention are privacy and security; this is because privacy seems to be conversely related with security. The internet has made it possible for detailed personal information to be easily availed and shared, this has however infringed on the personal rights of privacy, according to Frackman, et al. (2002), several acts such as Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act have influenced immensely the internet since firms have to comply with the provisions of the Acts on all the personal information they collect ,and the personal information availed as content in the internet, since availing much information infringes of personal rights . However the issues of electronic commerce, cyber crime, network and state security, intellectual property rights, consumer rights and exchange of credit information have called for sharing of more information on the internet. Laws and regulations, such as Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010, have called for extensive sharing of personal information on the internet, due to security concerns which in essence contradicts the objective of privacy. The privacy and security legal and regulatory environment have therefore greatly influenced the Internet. Explain how Dell initially used software and the Internet to increase sales and yield cost savings Dell is an international company offering computing services and products. Facing increasing costs in product distribution, the company founded the Integrated Dell Desktop (IDD); this offers simple desktop functionality to sales representatives, who are connected together via the internet. The system offers the clients the possibility of ordering bespoke systems directly from hence eliminating the middle men, therefore saving costs; this has been made possible by the company’s website dell. com and call centres. Dell was able to increase sales due to increased customer satisfaction, as a result of customers having the product of their selection. IDD also saved costs for dell, and improved profit for the company as well as offering competitive strategic advantage since the sales personnel were empowered to get any relevant information , since all the back end systems were integrated. In addition, the company was also to save on personnel costs, costs on offering training to the sales representatives were reduced as well as customers being able to get all the relevant information concerning the products from the website. Moreover, storage costs were reduced since the machines were produced depending on the customers’ customization and shipped to customer. IDD and the internet have therefore contributed to reducing costs and increasing sales at Dell.

Features of Temperate Forests

The temperate forest is an area of the world that has high levels of precipitation and humidity. They contain a wide variety of deciduous trees, which are trees that lose their leaves in the winter. The temperatures of the temperate forests vary based on the four seasons. It is typically hot in the summer with high temperatures of 86 degrees and cold in the winter. These areas receive large amounts of precipitation in the form of rain and snow. Eastern Asia, Central and Western Europe, and the Eastern United States are some areas of the world that are made up of this type of biome. Since there are large amounts of rainfall in the temperate forest regions there is a wide variety of plant life in the temperate forests. There plants can be considered the producers for this biome and include maple trees, walnut trees, birch trees, dogwoods, redbuds, azaleas, mountain laurel, huckleberries, blue bead lily, indian cucumber, linchens, and mosses. These different plants are divided into several layers including the forest canopy, small tree, shrubs, herbs, and floor tier. There are also a wide variety of animals that live in the temperate forest region including insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, squirrels, moose, and hummingbirds. Many of these animals hibernate during the winter in order to survive in the cold temperatures and wake up in the spring when there is more food. available. Some store food and burrow underground and some migrate to warmer regions to escape the cold in the winter time. These animals can be considered the consumers of this specific environment. In the winter the leaves fall off of the trees. In the spring time the sunlight quickly warms the plants that grow on the ground since there is a lack of shade. These plants take advantage of the abundance of sunlight because once the leaves grow back on the trees photosynthesis does not occur as quickly and their food supply goes down. In the spring the animals that have been hibernating for the entire winter wake up and begin to search for food again. The vegetation of the temperate forest is a major food source for many of these animals. One major threat to the temperate forests of the world is development and agriculture. Since this region receives plenty of rainfall and has soil that is ideal for planting it is the main environment for humans to occupy. Forests are chopped down to create housing and roadways and the plants and animals that live there are affected. Another threat to this type or environment is logging. The large amount of hardwood trees are cut down in order to make lumber. These trees are denser than other types of trees and therefore they grow much more slowly. Another threat for this region is acid rain that is caused by burning coal. This creates global warming which changes the rainfall patterns and affects the vegetation of the area. All of these threats affect the biodiversity of the entire system. The changing rainfall patterns, logging, and construction affect the vegetation, which is a major food source for the animals that live in these regions. Some abiotic factors of the temperate forest include temperature, water, cloud cover, soil, and light. These abiotic factors play a major role in the forest and affect all of the living creatures that live there. The temperature in the temperate forest are typically mild and comfortable. This is because of the moist air from the Pacific Ocean. The summers are normally hot and the winters are cold. There is plenty of rainfall in this area. Other forms of precipitation include ice and snow. This is a very foggy region due to all of the moisture even in the dry season. This area contains large amount of nutrient rich soil since there are large amounts of decaying organic matter from the leaves that fall from the trees and dead vegetation. The large amount of rainfall and nutrient rich soil allows trees to grow very tall and plants to be plentiful. Even though much of the sunlight in these areas is blocked by clouds and fog the vegetation still thrives.

Bradshaw’s Theory Essay

Bradshaw’s theory about the growth of children is very accurate. When a child experiences pain and suffering at a young age they become emotionally damaged. For example my Grandpa caused my uncle a lot of pain and guilt when he was young because my grandpa divorced by grandma and left my uncle to be the man of the house at such a young age. Today my uncle still has not forgiven my grandfather and he has trouble getting close to other people. In order for my uncle to move forward in his life he has to deal with the issue between himself and my grandfather. Erickson’s theory is if you are treated well and grow up in a warm and caring home you will be better off in life. For example ever since I was very little I have always been able to trust both of my parents especially my mom. I always turn to her for advice and tell her everything. As a result of that I try to be a very trustworthy person because I want other people to feel like they also have someone they can count on. Maslow’s hierarchies of human needs are about the differences between the things we need and the things we desire. For example we need things such as food water and air. We also need security and stability, but we desire self-resect, independence, and self-fulfillment. Although we physically couldn’t survive without the things we need we mentally could not live a happy life without the things we desire.

Key Developments in Total Quality Management Essay

Key Developments in Total Quality Management - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that total quality management (TQM) is a participative and systematic approach to the planning and implementation of process involving continuous improvement in an organisation   It is one of the most comprehensive approaches to performance improvement as it encompasses a whole range of concepts including business process management; change management; project management; supply chain management; supplier development; balanced scorecard; concepts relating to rewards and recognition; benchmarking; lean management systems; quality management systems; and management and employee transformation. The aim of TQM is to satisfy customers’ future and current needs, identify problems, build commitment, and promote the involvement of employees in decision-making. Juran described TQM in terms of a chain reaction as ‘the set of management processes and systems that create delighted customers through empowered employeesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ which leads to increased revenue and a reduction in cost. Since the 1940s there have been three distinct groups of quality gurus. The first group was the Americans who originated in the early 1950’s and took the messages relating to quality to Japan. There are four stages in the evolution of TQM – inspection, quality control (QC), quality assurance (QA) and total quality management (TQM). These stages correspond to various changes in business requirements. In the initial stages, the focus was on inspection after goods were manufactured in order to test for conformity with requirements. This test was not effective in solving problems in so far as it did not identify which supplier, process or worker caused the problem.

Nursing EBP Clinical Protocol & Pilot Study Essay

Nursing EBP Clinical Protocol & Pilot Study - Essay Example 2002). All but one study did show a reduction in length of stay and increased range of motion for patients that used CPM short term. A pilot study will be initiated to test the following protocol which is written based on the evidence from literature review. These results will be reported and that report will help initiate and evidence based protocol for full time use. Permission will be sought from those involved as well as senior staff and physicians. The goal of the protocol would be to use CPM for initial knee flexion but to increase PT rapidly, decreasing use of CPM as research shows that CMP only has a short term advantage and PT has a long term advantage. The aim of the pilot study is to test the protocol that is recommended at this time to assure that it works well and produces good quality results for the patient as well as a reduction in the patients length of stay. At the same time, documentation recommendations as well as pain tolerance and post op bleeding will be analyzed. The pilot study will be carried out on the orthopedic floor. This will be discussed first with the orthopedic surgeons and then with the nursing management at the hospital that is responsible for this floor (Vincent & Chapman et.al. 2000).. Once the evidence base is explained and it is cleared, patients will be permitted as needed for the pilot, assuring that they understand the new protocol. Nurses on the floor will be educated and ten patients will be chosen for the pilot. Those patients will need to be post operative knee with the need for CPM use and as few other co-morbidities as possible. For example, we do not want to include someone that is prone to infection because the likelihood is that the infection would skew the data collected. The results of the pilot will be studied to assure that there is improvement in cost, quality and length of stay. The evaluation of the pilot will include physicians, nurses, and nurse administrator. A positive result will mean permanent change of the protocol. Resources Bruun-Olsen, V., Heiberg, K. & Mengshoel, A. (2009). Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty. Disability and Rehabilitation. 31(4). 277-283. Retrieved from Academic Search Primer. Accession # 35702360. Davies, D., Johnston, W., Beupre, L. (2003). Effect of adjunctive range of motion therapy after primary total knee arthroplasty on the use of health services after hospital discharge.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 3 - Essay Example While there are a number of interest groups and political parties that play a role in influencing the policies and make their voices heard, it is fitting that we focus on the two main political parties, which are the Democrats and Republicans, as these are the two largest parties in the United States that make their voices heard the loudest and have the most influence compared to that of other much smaller and less notable groups. According to an article in the New York Times, it states that the Republicans have always supported capital punishment from the beginning. Because they feel this way, they have no problem making this known loud and clear, and they fight hard to create new policies and shape current ones to allow more criminals to be executed. Democrats, on the there hand, are strongly against capital punishment, especially the segments of the party that are African American. The democrats are against capital punishment because they not only fear too many innocent people bei ng executed, as has happened around the country in times past, they feel that it is much worse to make criminals sit in a small cell for the rest of their days without parole, being deprived of their freedoms.

Legal Memorandum - Jane's Asylum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Memorandum - Jane's Asylum - Essay Example She expressed her desire to seek asylum in the US, so that she could stay with her maternal uncle, who resides in California. She was also keen that her maternal uncle should become her legal guardian. In the usual course, Asylum has to be applied for, within a year of arrival in the US. Under extraordinary circumstances this condition may be relaxed. Such applications are to be submitted in Form I – 589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal. Thereafter, the Asylum Officer or Immigration Judge will determine if the applicant is a refugee1. On occasion, Asylum Officers interview a parent or trusted adult, so as to confirm guardianship information. However, the presence of such a trusted adult or witness is not mandatory, in this process3. Although, a minor applicant may be unable to demonstrate a guardianship arrangement or parental knowledge and consent; this does has no bearing on the grant of asylum. In addition, the trusted adult, in this case Jane’s uncle, could provide information, regarding her claim, if she finds it difficult to do so, on account of her tender age4. Whilst deposing before the Asylum Officer or Immigration Judge, caution will have to be exercised, in order to ensure that there is no misrepresentation of facts. This is because, Section 212(a)(6)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, prevents the provision of asylum to any individual who seeks admission into the US on the basis of fraud or willful misrepresentation of a material fact5.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Coursework

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Coursework Example A critical analysis and comparison of the supply chain networks of both the companies is done using the case studies provided to us. The analysis of the two cases has been done in line with the literature review. The final part of the document deals with two more companies in the fast fashion industry and compares their supply chain strategies with the strategies of H&M and Benetton whose case has been provided to us. The analysis of the two case studies provides us with an insight in to the importance of supply chain for the success of a firm. Supply chain is no longer considered just another element but is considered by many firms to be as important as marketing. It can drastically reduce the cost of the firm and give a strong competitive advantage to the firm which is hard and difficult to duplicate. Benetton was established in Italy in 1965.It has it presence in 120 countires.12 of its 18 factories are located in Italy. It sells its good through a network of 6500 retailers. It's positioning in the international market is that the company sells good quality garments which are moderately priced. With the analysis of the case we will critically analyse how Benetton has increased its supply chain by utilizing the "Dual Supply Chain" system. We will see how this system takes advantages of both the push and pull factors of the supply chain and increases the performance objectives for the company. H & M H &M case H & M is a well known Swedish company and has been a leader both in terms of market share and financial performance of the company. The company's strategy has been continuous expansion to search for the most promising markets available, to produce goods in a cost effective and fast manner and to reduce lead times drastically in order to reach the retailers quickly and capture changes in customer moods and preferences and provide longer shelf life for its products. H&M is also an example of how e-business solutions can be used to obtain competitive advantage in the supply chain of a company. Procurement and logistics can easily track the sales as they share a common IT platform with the retailers. This allows the company to react quickly to any changes in the trends prevalent in the market. H&M also has an efficient inventory management system which reduces the lead times for the firm and ensures efficient stock management. Literature Review Operation Strategy of a firm may be defined as set of principals adopted by the organization for decision making to achieve at a reconciliation of the market demand and the operational resources available to the

Carbohydrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbohydrates - Essay Example Once the body consumes carbohydrates it turns them into sugar. The processed sugar is subsequently turned into energy that is used by our body cells, tissues, and organs. The sugar that is not used by these three elements is stored either in the muscles or liver of the person. Some carbohydrates are better for the body than others. Two types of carbohydrates are simple and complex carbohydrates. The difference between these two types of carbohydrates lies in the speed of digestion. Simple carbohydrates are digested slowly by the body, while complex carbohydrates are processed quickly. In scientific terms simple carbohydrates are monosaccharide and disaccharides, while complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides. When digested carbohydrates form glucose. Once the body receives the glucose it is then transported around the body through the blood stream to be converted in the cells into energy. â€Å"The pancreas gland in your abdomen secretes the hormone insulin, which controls the uptake of glucose by your cells† (Netdoctor, 2011). The excess sugar that is not used goes to the liver, muscles, or is converted into fat. Whenever the body needs extra energy a hormone called the glucagons gets secreted by the pancreas. This procedure converts glucagons back into glucose or sugar, which is then converted once again into energy for the body. According to the British Nutrition Foundation the average female receives 47.7% of their energy from carbohydrates, while men receive 48.5% (Netdoctor, 2011). Carbohydrates are present in a lot of the food we eat. Complex and simple carbohydrates are present in different types of food consumed by humans. The most common types of food that contain carbohydrates are whole grains, vegetable, fruits, vitamins, and sugared sodas. An extended list of food items that have either simple or complex carbohydrates is illustrated in the table below: It is important for humans to control their consumption

Hans Delbruck is one of the most insightful theorist of the 20th Assignment

Hans Delbruck is one of the most insightful theorist of the 20th century - Assignment Example That is why the German historian Hans Delbruck became the voice of professional military history. His family and educational background had a tremendous influence on his interest in war and were key factors contributing to his writings on: ancient, medieval and modern warfare. Delbruck’s great works are not only for military men, but for those who know nothing about the military. Delbruck came from a household of educated parents and political influences. Family, political influences and education became the key factors that developed his personality. Hans was born in a bourgeois family; his parents gave him an opportunity to become an educated person. As a rule, historians apply two terms in order to characterize Delbruck’s family – â€Å"typical† and â€Å"extraordinary.† On the one hand, it was a typical bourgeois family. On the other hand, it gave the world a historian with extraordinary skills. The would-be historian studied at two educational institutions – Bonn and Heidelberg. Here he got the basic knowledge for his future researches. Being a soldier gave Delbruck an opportunity to participate in Franco-German War. After this event young Hans became Prince Waldemar’s teacher. Getting in touch with the German imperial family, participation in war and education influenced Delbruck’s point of view upon life. War contributed to his interest in military issues. Soon Hans became a member of the German Reichstag. Before this he had been a professor of modern history and delivered lectures that were very popular among the students. Being a member of Reichstag Delbruck always opposed the policy led by the Prussian government; especially it concerned its dealing with the Poles and the Danes. It is necessary to stress that Hans Delbruck applied the analysis of battles in order to get information he needed. Thus, The Sachkritik of battle analysis helped Delbruck take previous accounts of engagements and measure those limits of geography, and military craft. These points were discussed in Hans’s book History of the Art of War in the Framework of Political History (1900). In this work Hans Delbruck emphasized the connection between the nature of policy and armies during the battle. The basis for the book became a minute analysis of the Sachkritik. It should be noted that Delbruck’s observation of battles made him popular, both positively and negatively. First of all, Delbruck discovered the major reason for defeats in wars. He proved that everything depends upon the number of soldiers. Hans’s analysis of the battles helped him to draw a conclusion that only the army with more soldiers has chance to win the war. Moreover, the theorist persuaded the public that the number of people in armies was always exaggerated in historical documents. These facts explained a lot of things and filled the gaps in military history of ancient times. As for the negative impact of the theor ist, he tried to persuade the public that military history is the branch of general history and it is necessary to do something in order to match them. However, this means that people studying history are expected to learn military history. In this case, students may conclude that arms, wars and battles are just common things in people’s life. This knowledge may have negative impact and give birth to wars and violence. The scientist gave the world much information about medieval knights. However, it turned to be rather controversial. Here Hans separated a knight from

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-2ND ASSIGNMENT Essay

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-2ND ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Given the dynamic nature of work that needed to be done, the organization demands high level knowledge and information from the employees. According to the studies made the company has incorporated training and motivational programs for the employees so that they can meet the demand effectively. Conclusion: Thus from the study we can make out that when the company was in danger of losing its market share, the company started focusing on its human resources, which ultimately enabled the company to get back on the track. The company realized the importance of incorporating such policies in their strategic decision making process. Self Evaluation: The presentation provides the highlights of the major aspects that a transport company might consider while designing their Human Resource policy. These policies are uniquely different than the human resource policies which are generally being adapted in manufacturing concerns. Skills along with values constitute the main plan of the entire process of employee development. The service companies specially should consider employees to be the one of the most critical asset component and they should value them accordingly. It should be remembered that with the level of competition present within the industry, the company cannot afford a very liberal payment structure. As with the amount of scope available, any skilled and experienced employee can shift to any other given organization. This would cause a great harm to the parent company not only in qualitative aspects but also in the profit making process. The services provided by all the airlines are similar in nature, so the main part of difference comes in the way the service is being offered to the passengers. The employees who have adequate knowledge and experience can do just that. But with the lack of proper payment structure, frequent shifting of employees may make the continuous process of value creation difficult. It will also dilute the

Write about two characters whose acting impressed you in Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Write about two characters whose acting impressed you in Of Mice and Men Essay On Wednesday, March the 3rd; Roedean Schools LV English class took a trip to Eastbourne, Devonshire park Theatre, to watch a fantastic performance of Mice and Men. There was a large cast but it was clear to see that George and Lennie were the most impressive and prominent on stage. Thus I have chosen to study them, as I was most impressed by their mannerisms and appearance on stage. I have learnt that John Steinbeck, the author of this novel, is a very skilful creator of characters. It seems to me that his technique is to give a brief preliminary description of the character, and then to let the character convey his own personality to the reader by means of what he does, and more significantly by his speech and mannerisms. After reading the play I had my own idea of what George and Lennie were like, and the performance I saw seemed to have the same ideas, which is what particularly appealed to me. I felt that Lennies appearance really matched his character. From the story itself, we can see that he is in effect, a young child in a large mans body. Matthew Kelly elaborated on Steinbecks sketchy outline of Lennies character. Lennies size, shaved head, messy beard and clothes all added to his appearance. The fact that his clothes were hanging off his body, emphasised his massiveness, awkwardness and inattention to detail. From the way Lennie held himself, with his shoulders sloping, his heavy walk with his feet dragging a little and his arms that hung loosely at his sides, one can tell that he was an introvert and insecure character. His omnipresent hovering near George served to further reinforce this impression. However, I was quite unimpressed by Georges appearance and style, because I felt as though he didnt add any of his own touches. His clothes were functional and thus believable but not very noteworthy. He was suitably small (his physical appearance echoing his social) with defined, sharp features, which gave him a confident but slightly aggressive look. His delivery also left a lot to be desired. I felt that his vocal range was too shouty, thus leaving little scope for expression of true anger / frustration when needed. As well as being un-dynamic, the overall effect was rather tedious for the audience. In contrast, Matthew Kelly varied his lines well, according to the demands of the script. I found the appearance of the set very effective and beautiful. I loved the way they had the little pond in the first scene, and the way sets slid on and off. The set changed quite often, but I noticed that George and Lennie always remained constant in appearance, which I thought enhanced the effect of limited options for the two men. As mentioned above, I found Lennies mannerisms very effective. His constant twitching, which sped up whenever he got nervous or scared, was a convincing touch. His twisted facial expressions showed that he was a mentally ill man, and his shuffling gait made it clear that he felt out of place in his surroundings. However, I did feel that some of Lennies ways and reactions were somewhat overdone and so lost a little of their impact. In one scene they ate dinner together and Lennie was shovelling the beans into his mouth, and spilling them all around. Which is theoretically believable but Lennies acting just amused the audience and didnt get a positive, sympathetic reaction from them, as he wasnt convincing enough. George too had some notably successful mannerisms, besides the fact that he was confident. George had a suitably aggressive persona, he got both angry and defensive at the right times, without exaggerating. At the beginning of the play his character was weak, but as the story built, so did his character. I thought this was a good technique as it emphasised the climax in the story. George and Lennies relationship was another remarkable yet moving feature of this play. They helped support each other, and make things clear for the audience through their acting. It seemed as though George felt a sense of duty and responsibility towards Lennie, as we see him get angry about the things Lennie does but is unable to leave him. Lennie needs George, and would be lost without him, but it is equally true to say that George needs Lennie. George too craves companionship that will stave off the horrors of loneliness. I felt as though this need was evident in their body language and the way in which they dealt with each other. The words, because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, enforced this even further. Overall the whole cast was good, but I felt as though George and Lennie were better than average. I think their relationship was very important, because it actually gave both actors some one to rely on, and a constant companion. Lennie acted his part very well, though he was a bit on the creepy side- and seemed unreal at times. George however, maintained his character all through the play. He got even more involved it at the end, when he had to kill Lennie, in order to save him. This dramatic climax was effective and reached the audience in a meaningful way.

Violent Video Games Children

Violent Video Games Children The Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Computer video game is one of the most popular trends among children as well as young adults. From the time it was invented it has evolved into a more exciting and challenging media games of all time. The technological advancement has made it even more exciting for the players to religiously play and challenge themselves of what are the things in store for them while they are playing. The graphics and sound effects fascinate its audience, as if they are really there in the setting of the situation, especially those three dimensional computer machines which are seen mostly in computer arcades. The ability of the player to control and maneuver the situation made it more even exciting. Violent video games have been one of the most sought themes among the players. But with the increasing number of people engaged into this computer games, a lot of issues has also been raised, as to the negative effect and the benefit of these violent video games to children and young adults. This essay wi ll argue that violent video games do have a negative effect on children. Early experiments using physiological measures of arousal such as: galvanic skin response, heart rate and respiratory changes found that children are emotionally responsive to even animated television violence. The effects of violent video games on young adults arousal levels and aggressive thoughts have been measured. Results indicated that college students who had played virtual reality game had a higher heart rate and exhibited more aggressive thoughts in a post test, than those who played a non-violent game (Grossman DeGaetano 70-71). These physiologic changes stimulate the sympathetic system which creates excitement and this â€Å"good† feeling makes them to do it repeatedly. Similarly, as cited in an article in AllPsych Journal entitled, The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children, The Academy of Pediatrics states â€Å"More than one thousand scientific studies and reviews conclude that significant exposure to media violence increases the risk of aggressive behavior in certain children, desensitizes them to violence and makes them believe that the world is a ‘meaner and scarier place than it is† (Tompkins). According to Tompkins, if children become accustomed and believed that this violent behavior is acceptable and normal it will be hard to change that belief as they grow older. She also relates this to the study of domestic violence where in a person exposed to this violence tend to be either abused or abuser. She further explains this by citing the Columbine incident as an example, where in the two students, who committed a violent act are video fanatics. Their exposure to violence was linked to their violent act since both of them came from a good family. Moreover, â€Å"reward increases imitation† (Gentile 136). And this process of rewarding in computer games makes it more addicting because children tend to be reinforced when they are rewarded, which in psychology termed as â€Å"positive reinforcement† but this reward system in computer games defeats the true purpose of â€Å"positive reinforcement†, that good acts should be rewarded in order to reinforce the action, where as computer rewarding rewards its players after killing or defeating their opponent. Furthermore, â€Å"Participation in violent video games cast a negative cloud over the childrens views of interpersonal interactions. One research revealed that preschoolers most likely experienced fear and anxiety when they saw bloodied victims and watched expressions of emotional distress in connection with the medias constant showing of the events of September 11th and their aftermath† (Cantor, 2002). These experiences that are internalized by children, unconsciously affects their behavior, and when they are placed in situations similar to what they have seen, the child could become anxious and restless. On the contrary there are opposing reaction from different sectors regarding this matter, the president of the Interactive Software Association, Doug Lowenstein stated, â€Å"I think the issue has been vastly overblown and overstated often by politicians and others who do not fully understand, frankly this industry. There is absolutely no evidence, none, that playing a violent game leads to aggressive behavior† (qtd in Bushman Anderson 353). But how can we expect them to see the negative effect of these violent video games, well in fact what they mean is purely business. Likewise, Steven Johnson said: â€Å"The most debased forms of mass diversion-video games and violent television dramas and juvenile sitcoms-turn out to be nutritional after all (9). It is nutritional in the sense that learning comes along while playing these violent video games, such as mastery and control and hand-eye coordination. But this paper totally disagrees with this notion. There are more appropria te ways of learning these things, without jeopardizing the minds of these children of what is good and what is wrong, such as art camps, and other indoor and outdoor activities that utilizes the body, where in physical, psychological and emotional aspects are given importance, which builds friendship and the values of sportsmanship, as well as maintaining a healthy active body, which computer games dont give. Furthermore, computer video games promote isolation, aggressive behavior and a sedentary life style by sitting long hours in front of these computers. In conclusion, violent video game has a significant effect on children, not only on their behavior but also on their physiologic state as well as the emotional state especially that of a vulnerable individual. The government sector should be more critical and sensitive on how to protect its citizen with this kind of media. Parents on the other hand, who have the first hand decision whether to buy this violent video games or not, since they are responsible in giving money or buying this for their children, and what ever decision they would take they should know the consequences of the possible effects of these materials to their children. And users of this video games should be reminded that everything in excess is not good. Annotated Bibliography Anderson, Craig A., and Brad J. Bushman. Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: a Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature. Psychological Science 12.5 (2001): 353-359. Apr. 2008 Dr. Craig A. Anderson, a professor and chairman of Department of Psychology in Iowa State University. He is a distinguished professor and Director of the center for the study of violence. Most of his current researches focus on aggression especially on the potentially harmful effect of exposure to violent entertainment media. Dr. Brad J. Bushman, a professor in University of Michigan, has a PhD in social psychology in University of Missouri. His focuses are the consequences and causes of aggression. In this research, the authors used methods such as literature search literature, criteria for relevance, coding frame and meta-analytic procedures, to test if violent video games will result to increase aggression in children and young adult. They found out that after conducting the experiment using experimental and non-experimental designs, in both male and female, that it poses public health threat to children and youths including college individuals. Exposure is negatively associated w ith prosocial behavior, and the long term effect on the development of aggressive behavior is absolutely related to exposure to violent video games. This is in contrast to the study made by Tompkins in 2003, which shows no proof that signifies either negative or positive effect of media violence. It is important in this research as it illuminates the side taken by this paper. Cantor, Joanne. The Psychological Effects of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents. Joannecantor. 19 Apr. 2002. HEC  Montreal. 19 Apr. 2008 . Joanne Cantor is an expert on the effects of the mass media on youth. A Professor Emerita and Director of the Center for Communication Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is a well-known expert on children and the mass media. Joanne Cantor and her associates have conducted a program of research to explore developmental differences in media-induced fright reactions based on theories and findings in cognitive development. This study illustrates the effects of media events and images are less bothering on older children, where as other things become potentially more upsetting. This gives another highlight to the side taken by this research that there is a significant negative effect on the part of the children. Gentile, Douglas A. â€Å"Media Violence and Children: a Complete Guide for Parents and Professionals†. London: Praeger Publications, 2003. Douglas Gentile, a known developmental psychologist and a research director for the National Institute on Media and the Family. He conducts many researches about children and adult. In this book, he contends that learning comes from repetition. The fact that the violent games require violent acts to be played over and over again creates an ideal learning situation. But what the players are learning is antisocial behavior and the idea that violence is a good way to resolve conflict. He used data from other books, studies made by different authors, and other references in order to come up with a book that serves as guideline for parents and professional with regards to the effect of media violence to children. One important insight was when he said that the difference between television and computer games when it comes to the response of the individual is that violence in televisions are rarely sustained, because of commercial gaps and changing of scenes, in contrast to video games whe re violence is continuous. Where in players should always be alert for hostile enemies and must constantly choose and enact aggressive behaviors, exposing children to continual stream of violent scene. In contrast with the book of Grossman and DeGaetano, where in the authors were more subjective of the subject matter; by trying to make a call and make action on media violence, Douglas A. Gentile showed neutrality on the issue and focused more on how to guide parents and professionals decide on the issue after presenting the datas. Grossman, Dave, and Gloria Degaetano. â€Å"Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill: a Call to Action Against TV, Movie Video Game Violence†. First ed. New York: Crown, 1999. LT. Col. Dave Grossman, who is a retired US Army and a professor of military science in Arkansa State University. He is the author of On Killing: Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, and specialized in the study of psychology of killing, which he called â€Å"killology.† Gloria DeGaetano is a known educator in the field of media violence, and the author of Screen Smarts: A Family Guide To Media Literacy. The authors, used datas from different resources: books, journals, researches of different authors, in order to come up with a book which calls for an action against T.V.., movie and video game violence The book talks about different factors as to the effect of media violence on children. They are very much concern of the negative effects of this violence in media as well as video games to children. They presented in their book the negative effects of media violence to society, that in reality there are a lot of children and teenagers engage themselves in to violent acts, and the disadvantages that this gives to the individual, their family and the society. This research used this book, because it gives a distinct description on what this paper is trying to point out, that there is significant negative effect on the childs behavior, it does not only gave comprehensive details, but the insights of the authors made it more meaningful. Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad is Good for You. Canada: Riverhead Books, 2005. Steven Johnson, who is a well-known author Mind Wide Open: Your Brain and the Neuroscience of Everyday Life, and a distinguish writer in New York, put emphasis on his book that violence on television and video games are not really bad for children. For the author, the kind of education that video games are giving is not learned in classroom situations or cannot be seen in museums. There are benefits in playing violent computer games. He wants to tell the reader that the learning in computer games enhances cognitive faculties, not dumbing them down. In his book, he made comparison between reading books and playing video games. According to him, reading books or novels enhance our imagination, while playing video games help you to choose the right decision by evaluating facts, examining situation, and by considering your long term goals. In contrast with the study made by Bushman and Anderson and that of Joanne Cantor, where in the two believed that there is significant negative effect of violent video games on children. Tompkins, Aimee. The Psychological Effects of Violent Media on Children. AllPsych Journal (2003). 20 Apr. 2008 . Aimee Tompkins used the reports of the studies made by the Academy of Pediatric Society, The National Coalition on Television violence and cited stories where in violent video game fanatics were involved in shooting incidents and killing people, in order to assess the psychological effects of violent media on children. After presenting and analyzing the studies made, the author concluded that there was no proof either positive or negative long term outcomes of violent media and that parents should pay more attention on the activities of their children. In contrast on the result of the study made by Bushman Anderson, that there is a significant effect on the behavior of children by increasing their aggression. This study was given importance in this essay because it gave another perspective on the issue discussed.

Effect of Same Sex Parenting on Adolescent Developement

Effect of Same Sex Parenting on Adolescent Developement Outcomes for children with gay and lesbian parents: A review. What evidence is there to support the assumption that gay or lesbian parents have a negative impact on child and adolescent developmental outcomes? Same sex parenting remains a controversial topic; the most important assumption being same sex parenting has a negative impact on children and adolescent developmental outcomes. The term â€Å"same-sex parenting† is intended in this paper to include families headed by gay and lesbian couples. The literature in this review is limited to studies of children from divorced lesbian and gay parents, as well as studies conducted on children of gay and lesbian families that are planned. The paper will consider whether the evidence suggests a negative or positive impact on children, or none at all in terms of gender role, behavioural and emotional development of children raised with gay and lesbian parents in contrast to heterosexual parents, to ascertain whether sexual orientation of parents is a key indicator to the impact of development. The scope of this review will cover all children from a life-span perspective (0-24 years) to include those born into a divorced lesbian, those ado pted or conceived through artificial insemination. This review will begin with an overview of previous research in the results section of this paper. A critique of the assumptions guiding this area of research will follow in the discussion section together with highlighting the limitations of these studies and provision for further research before a conclusion is drawn to ascertain whether same sex parenting has a positive or negative impact on developmental outcomes. Findings from the research on long term development of children and adolescence raised by gay and lesbian parents is of high relevance to both theoretical debates; particularly the importance of mothers and fathers and their effects on child development, and also public debates to provide assistance concerning parental rights of gay and lesbian parents (Patterson, 1992). Historically, lesbian mothers were denied artificial insemination and same sex parents were denied the permission to adopt children on the grounds that they were unable to provide an optimal family environment in contrast their heterosexual counterparts with the assumption gay and lesbian parents have a negative impact on the long term developmental well-being of the child. Commonly, women who had bourn children in a heterosexual relationship which broke down irretrievably, were denied custody of their biological children on the grounds that the children would show atypical gender development, causing behavioural and emotional problems in long term development due to the mother not been an affective parent. However, (Patterson, 1992) has provided research on the psychological development of children raised in lesbian mothers and has failed to provide empirical evidence which supports the assumption that same-sex parenting has a negative impact on long-term development, suggesting that they are developing well psychologically, behaviourally and emotionally in positive directions across the lifespan Method A comprehensive review of the literature on the outcomes for children with same-sex parents was conducted in an attempt to understand the key patterns in the body of literature to consider the development of gender role, behavioural/emotional outcomes of children with same-sex parents. A search of the literature was limited from 1990 and up to 2014. A search of the following databases was conducted; Summon, Academic Search and Google Scholar and sought to identify key patterns found in case studies, research studies, peer reviews, journals and books. Key words were chosen with the purpose of the literature review in mind and modified on the basis of the demonstrated location of the pertinent literature. Examples of keywords used are as follows: (â€Å"same-sex parenting† or â€Å"gay† or â€Å"lesbian†) (â€Å"heterosexual parenting† or â€Å"mothers† or â€Å"fathers†) (â€Å"lesbian families† or â€Å"gay families†) (â€Å"child rearing† or â€Å"child adjustment†) (â€Å"prenatal† or â€Å"children† or â€Å"adolescence†) (â€Å"divorced† or â€Å"planned† or â€Å"adoption† or â€Å"surrogacy) (â€Å"psychological† or â€Å"behavioural† or â€Å"emotional outcomes†). A review of the literature was carried out on all works located through the limited search and which were relevant to the topic under discussion. Additional materials referenced in the works were read which appeared relevant to the topic. Results Gender development Many discussions surrounding the controversies of same-sex parenting is headed by the assumption that gay and lesbian parents have negative effect on gender development of a child. For the purpose of this paper, â€Å"gender role† is intended to include; gender identity, gender-role behaviour and sexual orientation. Tasker and Golombok, (1995) conducted a follow up study of 46 young adults aged 17-35 and concluded there were no significant differences between young adults from lesbian mothers in contrast to those headed by heterosexual single-mother households. From the 46 participants, 6 youngs adults (five daughters, one son) raised by lesbian mothers, reported same-gender sexual attraction and had entered into a same-gender sexual relationship. However, due to the in semi structured method adopted in the follow up study, this figure may be underestimated. Moreover, all the young adults from the study had experienced at least one opposite-gender sexual relationship but none of the adults from households headed by a heterosexual single mother reported same-gender sexual attraction. From the sample, only two women were currently in a lesbian relationship with the majority identifying as heterosexual. Bos, van Balen, Sandfort and van Den Boom, (2006) strenghtened these findings when they suggested daughters (around 10 years old) concieved through aritificial insemination by their lesbian mothers were less likely to have heterosexual idenitity than those who where conceived conventionally with opposite-sex parents. Although, these findings are relatively low, they do provide evidence against homosexual families, notwithstanding, it would not be proper to conclude same-sex parents have a negative impact on child development, without reviewing further research from advocates of same-sex parenting. In contrast, (Crowl, Ahn, and Baker, 2008) conducted a homogeneity test across 19 studies in relation to include six developmental outcomes (parent-child relationship, cognitive development, gender role behaviour, gender identity, child sexual preferences and psychological adjustment). The study adopted the fixed effects model with 64 effect sizes between same-sex and opposite-sex parents. 564 same-sex participants and 647 heterosexual participants concluded the sample; the children’s age was from 5-24 years. In comparing the groups, the study concluded heterosexual parents reported having a significantly better relationship with their children. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in parent-child relationship reported by those children living with same-sex parents and those living with opposite-sex parents, the findings concluding that there is no significant difference in gender role development between children of same-sex parents and opposite sex parents. Bailey, Bobrow, Wolfe, Mikach, (1995) recruited a sample of 82 sons of 55 gay and bisexual fathers to conduct a study of sexual orientation. In their report, clear indications were concluded that 90% of sons are heterosexual which implies, gay fathers do not impact on the sexual orientation of their sons. The study also concluded, there was no positive correlation between the likelihood of being gay and the time which the sons lived with their fathers. However, the study has the limitation of no control group, partly as a result of population-based surveys being inappropriate in comparision due to underestimations of homosexuality due to underreporting of noncoporation. Notwithstanding, its limitations it is clear from this conclusion, that a large number of sons lead by gay parent households are heterosexual which in turn dilutes the theory that sexual orientation is lead by environmental factors. Bailey, Bobrow, Wolfe, Mikach, (1995) study can be concluded as an advocate for positi ve gender role developmental outcomes for children with same-sex parents. Turning to another dimension of gender development in children of same-sex parenting, (Fulcher, Sutfin, and Patterson, 2008) conducted a study of 4 to 6 years old boys and girls from lesbian parent and heterosexual parent families and reported no significant differences in preferences for traditional masculine and feminine activities and occupational preferences between the two groups. The study concluded that children found with parents who had less stereotypical attidudes held less gender-stereotypical attitudes creating a healty structured environment. The conclusions raised in this study, is that same-sex parenting does not create less masuline and feminine environments, rather it highlights the importance that non-traditional gender stereotypical environments can create a healthy child and their attitudes towards gender.

Free Essay: 17th century Life Exposed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

17th century Life Exposed in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the aspects of relationships, religion, community, discipline and punishment in the puritan community of 17th century Boston. Relationships between men and women were very constrained and that is what made adultery such a bad sin in the eyes of everyone in the community. Religion seemed to govern over all, people would look up to reverends and the community believed that fate was their destiny. Public discipline and punishment were used to discourage everyone else from committing the same crime or sin as the offending "criminal" did. The community was to follow the beliefs of god and to do their duties the best they could, yet were there to criticize and punish all who disobeyed the religion or laws. In 17th century Boston every thing was very strict and everyone was expected to follow the laws, which makes Hester's sin such an excellent example of the beliefs of that time period. The first scaffold scene is very important because the scene sums up the beliefs of the general public at that time, and gives a prospective of what Hester Prynne must deal with. In the beginning of chapter two the scene is descri bed as "it could have betokened nothing short of the anticipated execution of some noted culprit,"(47) showing that the whole town was there for a ruthless public punishment. The crowd was not there for an execution though, but there for a public punishment of Hester Prynne who had committed adultery. A townsman describes Hester's punishment to a stranger as, "they have doomed Mistress Prynne to stand only a space of three hours on the platform of the pillory, and then thereafter, for the remainder of her natural life, to wear a mark of shame upon her bosom."(58) This scene shows the weight of values and morals upon society in the 17th century and how public punishment was not only used as punishment but as a way to discourage others from committing the same crime. The community was key in this punishment because it helped alienate Hester and further her pain. The punishment brings forth Hester's underlying pain, "[Hester] sent forth a cry she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself that the infant and the shame were real.

Is Xenotransplantation an Ethical Solution or Disaster? Essay -- essay

Is Xenotransplantation an ethical solution or disaster?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The audience for this paper is comprised of those readers looking to gain knowledge on the issue of xenotransplantation. This group of people is unaware of the dynamics of the ethical arguments surrounding this current issue. This audience does not have a specific age or belief, reflecting the varied positions of the argument. Due to this hunger for factual information, they do not wish to have someone else’s views imposed on them. Instead, they wish to define and establish a view of their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethical debates frequently occur today because of advances in society, technology, science, and many other areas. These arguments are comprised of many people due to the diversity of their interpretations of ethics in these areas. Ethics can be defined as â€Å"a system of moral, scruples, principles or values that in itself defines what is right or good behavior† (Shankarkumar, 317). The issue involving xenotransplantation, the sharing of organs between different species, has become a controversial subject with disagreements focusing on the ethical perspectives of the surgery. In order to comprehend the numerous ethical arguments surrounding xenotransplantation, the following three parties must be viewed: physicians, both for and against the surgery, and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Xenotransplantation is defined as â€Å"transplanting cells, tissues or whole organs from one species into another† (Baker, 643). These transplantations involve organs such as the heart, kidneys, and many others. Today, pigs have quickly become the donor species due to their anatomical and economical advantages. Pigs grow and reproduce very rapidly, creating a large litter, increasing the number of subjects for donation. Also, their organs and blood vessels are similar in size to those of humans, making their use more practical than that of an anatomically larger species (Baker, 643).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of xenotransplantation has been attempted many times throughout history. In 1682, doctors repaired the skull of an injured Ru... ...y). â€Å"The Ethics of Xenotransplantation.† The Ethical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spectacle. Oct. 2004. http://www.spectacle.org/0201/xeno.html. Shankarkumar, U. â€Å"Xenotransplantation- Ethics and Immunological Hurdles.† Indian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journal of Medical Sciences 57. 7(200): 311-318. Society, Religion & Technology Project. (2004). â€Å"The Ethics of Xenotransplantation.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Church of Scotland. http://www.srtp.org.uk/xennuf03.shtml. Trzepacz, Paula T., DiMartini, Andrea F. The Transplant Patient. Cambridge, United   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Consulted Shelton, Wayne. The Ethics of Organ Transplantation. 1st ed. Amsterdam; New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elsevier Science, 2001. Wolstenholme, G.E.W., O’Connor Maeve. Ethics in Medical Progress: with special   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reference to transplantation. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 19

Job Satisfaction Essay -- Job Mastery, Job Control

This research was conducted to assess the relationship between selected demographics, job mastery, and job satisfaction. A total 6,902 participants were gathered from the telephone and Internet provider BellSouth. A significant relationship was found between age and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was also significantly correlated with years spent with the company. Significant differences were found between gender and job satisfaction, as well as level of education and job satisfaction. These findings suggest that as age and years spent with the company increase job satisfaction also increases and job satisfaction may depend upon the level of education of the employee. The Relationship between Specific Demographic Variables, Job Mastery, and Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction serves as important factor in improving not only the general happiness of employees, but also enhancing the work performance. For these reasons, psychologists and employers alike have studied the factors that may effect overall job satisfaction among employees. For example, previous research has found a negative significant relationship between social stressors and job satisfaction (Harris, Harvey, & Kacmar, 2009). This research signified that as the social stressors of employment decreased the job satisfaction of the employee increased. Although this research was beneficial in the implication of increasing job satisfaction of employees, previous research in evaluating other factors effecting job satisfaction has not been as successful. Previous research evaluating the relationship between specific demographic factors and job satisfaction has been inconclusive (Scott, Swortzel, & Taylor, 2005). However, Harris et al. (2009) ... ... week, so that all employees would have a chance to complete the survey and the data could not be linked to the shift that the employee worked. Results Frequencies were preformed on call waiting, caller id, Internet, and multiple lines. Results indicated that 58.40% of employees did not own multiple telephone lines and 41.60% of employees did own multiple lines. Similar results were found for caller id and call waiting. Frequencies revealed that 48.40% of employees did not own caller id’s and 51.6% of employees did own caller id’s. Frequencies also indicated that 49.10% of employees did not have call waiting and 50.90% did have call waiting. The most surprising information provided by frequencies was the lack of employees who had Internet. Results indicated that only 26.10% of BellSouth employees had Internet, while 70.00% of employees did not have Internet.

Parle Project Essay

Parle Products Pvt. Ltd.: A cream colored yellow stripped paper with a cute baby photo containing 10-12 biscuits with the company’s name printed with in Red. Times changed, variety of biscuits did come and go but nothing has changed with these biscuits. Yes, the size of their packing has definitely changed but for the consumer good as these are money saver pack. The Parle name conjures up fond memories across the length and breadth of the country. After all, since 1929, the people of India have been growing up on Parle biscuits and sweets. Initially a small company was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai city to manufacture sweets and toffees. The year was 1929 and the market was dominated by famous international brands that were imported freely. Despite the odds and unequal competition, this company called Parle Products, survived and succeeded by adhering to high quality and improvising from time to time A decade later, in 1939, .Parle products began manufacturing biscuits, in a ddition to sweets and toffees. Having already established a reputation for quality, the Parle brand name grew in strength with this diversification. Parle Glucose and Parle Monaco were the first brands of biscuits to be introduced, which later went on to become leading names for great taste and quality. For around 75 years, Parle have been manufacturing quality biscuits and confectionary products. Over the years Parle has grown to become a multimillion dollar company with many of the products as market leaders in their category. The recent introduction of Hide & Seek chocolate chip biscuits is a product of innovation and caters to a new taste, being India’s first ever chocolate chip biscuits. Apart from the factories in Mumbai and Bangalore Parle also has factories in Bahadurgarh in Haryana and Neemrana in Rajasthan, which are the largest biscuit and confectionery plants in the country. Additionally, Parle Products also has 7 manufacturing units and 51 manufacturing units on contract. All these factories are located at strategic locations, so as to ensure a constant output and easy distribution. Brands An in-depth understanding of the Indian consumer psyche has helped Parle evolve a marketing philosophy that reflects the needs of the Indian masses. With products designed keeping both health and taste in mind, Parle appeals to both health conscious mothers and fun loving kids. The great tradition of taste and nutrition is consistent in every pack on the store shelves, even today. The value-for-money positioning allows people from all classes and age groups to enjoy Parle products to the fullest. Biscuit goodies:| Confectionary:| Parle-G| GolGappa| Krackjack| Classic Mint| Monaco| Lite Mint| Monaco Funion| Kismi| Kreams| Orange Candy| Hide and Seek| Mango Bite| Hide and Seek Milano| Melody| | Poppins| | Eclairs- 50 p| Bourbon| Melody Softe- 1Rs.| | Kismi Bar| Parle Marie| Chox| | Kacha Mango| Milk Shakti| Mazelo| | Imli Bite| | Kismi Gold| Parle 20-20 Cookies| Munch on snacks:| Nimkin| Musst Bites| Parle biscuits: Parle biscuits are linked with factors of power and wisdom providing nutrition and strength. Parle biscuits are indeed much more than a tea- time snack, they are considered by many to be an important part of their daily food. Parle can treat you with a basket of biscuits which are not only satisfying but are also of good and reliable quality. Parle biscuits cater to all tastes from kids to senior citizens. They have found their way into the Indian hearts and homes. Parle G For over 65 years, Parle G has been a part of the lives of every Indian. From the snow capped mountains in the north to the sultry towns in the south, from frenetic cities to laid back villages, Parle G has nourished strengthened and delighted millions. Filled with the goodness of milk and wheat, Parle G is not just a treat for the taste buds, but a source of strength for both body and mind. Tear over a packet of Parle G to experience what has nourished Generations of Indians since last sixty five years, making it truly Hindustan Ki Taakat. Pack Sizes available: 16.5G, 38.5G, 60.5G, 82.5G, 99G, 209G, 313.5G, 418G, 825G 20-20 Rich butter and tempting cashews. An irresistible combination. Parle Twenty-20 cookies. Baked to perfection to deliver the perfect experience of taste and aroma, they melt in your mouth to give you a cookie eating experience unlike one you have ever had before enjoy a feast of crunchy, crispy scrumptious cookies. Pack Sizes available: 75 G, 110 G, 225 G Monaco Share the company of great taste anytime, anywhere with Monaco. A light crispy biscuit sprinkled with salt, Monaco adds a namkeen twist to life’s ordinary moments. Pack Sizes available: 75 G, 120 G, 240 G Hide and Seek The ingredients that go into making this prized cookie are a well-guarded secret. What is is the effect it has on those who eat it. A cookie with a reputation for romance. Indulge in the sinful taste of Milano and everything that follows it. Pack Sizes available: 25 G, 62 G, 100 G, and 200 G Krackjack The original sweet and salty biscuit is one of the most loved biscuits in the country. It’s not just a biscuit, it’s the taste of relationships captured in a biscuit. A little sweet and a little salty crafted in such a delicate and delicious balance, you can never get enough of it. Have it anytime you like with anything you like. Pack Sizes available: 75G, 170G, 240G Parle Confectionaries: Right from candies to toffees, the sweet ‘n’ treat category of the Parle product range is a genuine treat for every snack lover. This category can satisfy one’s taste and at the same time create a desire for more. These confectioneries are a sheer delight to the taste buds and have a universal appeal. Parle Biscuits and confectioneries, continue to spread happiness & joy among people of all ages. Melody Mango Bite Orange Candy Kachcha Mango BiteKismi ToffeeGolgappa Many of the Parle products – biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionary market in India, Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. While to consumers it’s a beacon of faith and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of marketing brilliance. Parle G, a premium glucose biscuit is the world’s largest selling biscuit. A factory of these glucose biscuits is situated in Neemrana is producing 7000 metric tonnes every month. A list of premium quality biscuits and confectioneries is produced and distributed across nations. 2. RESEARCH DONE- â€Å"Brand representation of Parle product With Compare to Britannia, ITC in Amravati city† INTRODUCTION The report is an earnest endeavor made to understand the present market scenario in biscuits captured by the Parle and the other competitor brands viz., Britannia, ITC & Other. The researchers were required to see the coverage by Parle Products Pvt. Ltd., and bring out the potential and loyal retailers so that the company could maintain the market leadership in the existing business scenario in the biscuits and the confectionaries. During the course of study the researchers visited around 450 unorganized retail stores and 30 organized retail stores and analyzed all major brands of biscuits available as well as studied the brands, which are most preferred among the retailers. The study encompasses the penetration of the existing Parle products (biscuits and confectionaries). Their motive was to study the working of the distributors in Amravati City market. They have mentioned the problems and the loop holes in the Parle’s distribution system and the promotional tools, which they have found during the course of the study and recommended various corrective measures for it. Their study also comprises the comparative analysis between organized and unorganized retail stores in terms of brand availability with the help of hypothesis testing, Depth of Parle with other competitor, Space sharing by Parle and other competitors, and distributors services given to a retailers with the help of questionnaire. Statement of the Problem: * To analyze the brands of Parle Products in unorganized retail stores: 1. As compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). 2. As compared to organized retail stores. * To analyze Market Depth of Parle Products as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). * To analyze Space Share of Parle Products as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). * To analyze Distribution Services of Parle as compared to competitors (ITC, Britannia& other). Objectives of the Study: 1. To find out Parle Coverage in various areas of Amravati City. 2. To check the Brand availability of the company products at different stores. 3. To compare the Brand with its competitive Brands like ITC, Britannia, other in terms of coverage, number of brands available, Market Depth and Space Share. 4. To analyze that which type of biscuits and Confessionary are most preferred in what category of store. It was done by analyzing questioner data. 5. To compare the organized retail stores with unorganized retail stores in terms of brand availability. 6. To analyze Distributor Services with competitors like ITC, Britannia & other. Reference Period: This study is conducted for the period of 45 days starting from 15th of JUNE 2011 to 30th of JULY 2011. PROJECT METHODOLGY: Research Type: EXPLORATORY RESEARCH EXPLANTION: The study was conducted by Parle Products Pvt. Ltd in 6-7 areas of Amravati City mentioned below (source list) for the first time regarding market review and comparative analysis between unorganized and organized retail stores.. Thus it is an exploratory type of research. Sample Design: A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample for a given population. It refers to a techniques or procedure adopted in selecting items for the sample. Sampling: Further, the design that has been adopted for the study of the given topic is CONVENIENT SAMPLING. EXPLANATION: During the course of the study we visited a no. of stores that were scattered all over Amravati City (source list mentioned below). Apart from this we had no written record of the number and names of the stores in the city. It was very difficult to tabulate a record of all the retailers and wholesalers present in the city and then carry out our study, in the short span of time that was allotted. As a result we had to select the retailers according to our convenience. We went to the areas and surveyed all shops that could possibly be approached. The following is the sample design that has been adopted for the study. 1. Population:- Finite(Amravati City) 2. Sampling Unit:- Areas of Amravati City 3. Source list:- Unorganized retail stores (Areas): a. Gadge Nagar b. Yashoda Nagar c. Kour Nagar d. Sai Nagar (Badnera Road, Saturna MIDC Road) e. Raja Peth f. Ram Nagar g. Camp, Chaprasi Pura h. Irwin Chouk Organized retail stores: a. D Mart b. Big Bazar c. Super shopee d. Small mals 4. Sample size:- A total of 470 unorganized retail stores with 10 organized retail stores and 4 Distributors. Tools and techniques for Data Collection: Tools and techniques for: 1. Primary Data: – The researchers collected primary data during the course of research period with the help of the questionnaire that was designed for the storekeepers to collect the information that was required to carry out the research. 2. Secondary Data: – Secondary data was collected from books, articles, Internet and previous research papers that had been conducted by the company representatives and officials. Tools and techniques of Analysis: Simple statistical tools and techniques like average, ratios, pie charts, tables and graphs in addition to hypothesis testing (z-test, for difference between proportions) & factor analysis method are used to analyze the data. Limitations of the Study: 1) The study was conducted in 45 days that is not enough for such a vast topic. 2) It was difficult for the storekeepers to pinpoint the sales of a particular brand in both organized and unorganized retail stores. 3) No proper data was available about the stores in the city. 4) There were not a big number of organized retail stores in Amravati to carry out the research more efficiently. 5) As the nature of research was exploratory so it was difficult to cover each and every retailer. 6) Many retailers don’t express their original perception and views because of biasness. ANALYSIS After Doing the PARLE Products Survey as the researchers analyzed that the best selling branded biscuit company offers its customers with large variety of biscuits (parle-g, krack-jack, 20-20, Monaco, hide and seek etc.), confectionaries (mangobite, melody, poppins). It aims â€Å"TO SERVE PEOPLE AND NATION† The privately owned self financed company provides motivation and confidence to its staff and other related members by providing various facilities and organizing certain events. It has a very open work culture. The atmosphere is so comfortable and relaxed that helps in increasing productivity and efficiency. It lunches and outstation team-building exercises that augment inter-personal relations and mutual understanding. Parle has found its way into the Indian hearts and home. It spreads happiness and joy among the people of all ages. SWOT ANALYSIS OF PARLE PRODUCTS STRENGTH 1. Low price as compared to competitors 2. Sizeable market share in the country. 3. Offers variety of products under its brand. 4. Different sizes of packets are available. 5. An experienced team of sales and marketing executives. 6. Deep and effective coverage 7. Largest distribution system.| WEAKNESS 1. Breakage of biscuits while delivering to retailers 2. No proper replacement system for broken biscuits to retailers 3. Improper and irregular supply. 4. Less share in Premium biscuit market. 5. Dependent on its flagship brand, Parle-G 6. Poor packaging in family pack of glucose biscuits. 7. Lack of schemes for retailers and distributors.| OPPORTUNITY 1. Rising demand for innovative packaging in packaged foods. 2. Retaining loyal retailers or wholesalers. 3. Improving supply system for established brands. 4. Huge scope for some Parle products in medical shops. 5. Information revolution brought about by the television. 6. Good scope for snacks and namkeens, if launched and properly promoted by Parle.| THREAT 1. Highly advertised brands such as Britannia. 2. Ever increasing competition from multinationals and local companies. 3. Increase in sale of cheap local bakery products. 4. Emerging substitutes like wafers, snacks and toast. 5. Margin war among th e major Brands| FINDINGS: After close study of the present market situation prevailing in the areas assigned the researchers, following are the observations. 1. Breakage problem in the Family packs of glucose biscuits is leading to the decline in sales in this category. 2. Schemes, Discounts, offers, coupons etc. are not reaching to the retailers and customers whereas Britannia and ITC on the other hand are doing that. 3. Retailers and even wholesalers is satisfied with the supply system of Parle. 4. It was found that Parle (especially Parle- glucose) is most favored brand and is sold most. Parle biscuits are the retailers and consumers prime choice. 5. Very little range of Parle biscuits were visible in organized retail outlets. 6. Britannia is emerging as Major Competitor in the organized & unorganized retail outlets. RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS: 1. Company should start a program for the loyal retailers and wholesalers to reduce their complaints by providing timely supply and replacement. This will help in increasing their sales. 2. The packaging of Parle Glucose biscuits (1/2 and 1 kilogram packs) must be improved for its better sales. The company should come up with double packaging as people refuse to buy family pack biscuits with loose packaging. 3. Salesmen should be properly dressed and should have good communication skills to effectively promote the new products recently launched, by making sure that the product reaches each and every retailer and also increase the visibility of the products by arranging the product clearly on the shelf or rack and show its prominence. 4. To increase the number of stock keeping units {SKU} available in the retailers store. Each salesman should stress the retailers to keep the maximum SKUs and to maintain these SKUs throughout. With this, the replacement of the damaged and expired biscuits should be prompt and without any hassles, so that retailer can be save d from the loss of the expired and damaged goods. 5. The company should take proper measures that the schemes and offers are not gulped by the middlemen, and that it benefits the retailers and customers. CONCLUSION: After conducting the survey on 470 unorganized retailers, 10 organized retailers and 4 Distributors, the researchers found that there is a bigger market for biscuits and Confessionary in unorganized retail stores if proper supply of goods without breakage is there. It was also concluded that Parle is the first preference of both the customers and retailers (Organized and unorganized both) because of its price and brand image. Brand Parle G dominates the volume-dominated biscuit market. Even in today’s times when multinationals are beefing up their operations and trying to change the dynamics of the market, Parle G’s numbers & Quality position is unchallenged. Its competitors have roped in superstars like King Khan and Sachin Tendulkar, but Parle G has only gone from strength to strength. Brand Parle G is iconic and has evolved over the years. Trust, relevance, affordability are its hallmarks, which have withstood pressures from the hyper-competitive marketplace. The Parle Biscuit brands, such as, Parle-G, Monaco, Krackjack, 20-20, Marie Choice, Hide & Seek and confectionery brands, such as, Melody, Poppins, Mangobite enjoy a strong imagery and appeal amongst consumers across the world. Which has resulted into Parle-G being the â€Å"world’s largest selling biscuit†. The Parle name symbolizes quality, health and great taste. Constantly innovating and catering to new tastes PARLE-G has built its reputation. This can be seen from the success of its new brands such as 20-20, Imli Bite etc. Parle Products Pvt Ltd., is now lagging in services to retailers because of improper supply and distribution in some areas and competitors taking advantage of these points. Appendix: QUESTIONNAIRE Name of the shop: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Name of the shop owner: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Contact No. : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Shop Category: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Weather the retailer keeping Biscuit of any company. Parle Britannia ITC Other 2. If not keeping, weather they are interested to keep? Yes No 3. How much Biscuits brand the retailers have? Parle Britannia ITC Other 4. Space share by Biscuits? Parle Britannia ITC Other 5. Glucose Biscuit Depth. Parle-G Tiger Sun fest other 6. Salted Biscuit Depth. Monaco 50-50 Snacky 7. Cookies Biscuit Depth. 20-20 Good Day Sunfest butter cookies 8. Marie Biscuit Depth. Marie Marie Gold Marie Light 9. Cream Biscuit Depth. Hide-n-Seek Bourbun Spacial 10. Chocolate Brand in Shops? i)Perfeti ii)Parle iii)ITC iv)Nastle v)Cadbary vi)Nutrien vii)Others 11. Space share by chocolates. Perfeti Parle ITC Nastle Cadbary 12. Are you satisfied with distributor services? Parle Britannia ITC Other Remark: ________________________________________________ BIBLIOGRAPHY: I. KOTHARI .C.R. Research Methodology, New Delhi New Age International Publishers II. KOTLER PHILIP & KELLER KEVIN LANE ,Marketing Management ,Practice Hall ,New Delhi III. Websites: wikipedia search: (www.wikipedia.com) www.parleproducts.com www.tradeindia.com

Subalterns

Concept of junior and lowly Studies Dr. Abhishek Gopal* lower-ranking in the first place is a line for subordinates in armed forces hierarchies which is elaborated in the work of Antonio Gramsci to partake to assorts who are foreign the established coordinate of political representation. subaltern was first apply in a nonmilitary feel by bolshy Antonio Gramsci. Some confide that he used the precondition as a synonyms for pro allowariat, possibly as a codeword in order to get his books past prison censors, while others commit his system to be more nuanced and less(prenominal) clear cut (Morton, Stephen).It has also been emphasize that the stipulation junior-grade is an allusion to the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci (1881-1937) which literally, refers to any person or concourse of inferior rank and station, whether because of race, class, gender, versed orientation, ethnicity or religion. The term secondary is used in post-colonial theory. The exact me aning of the term in current philosophical and minute usage is disputed. Some thinkers use it in a general sense to refer to marginalized bases and the humiliate classes a person rendered without agency by his or her neighborly status (Young, Robert J.C. , 2003). Others such(prenominal) as Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak use it in a more specific sense. She argues that subaltern is non unspoilt a classy word for oppressed, for others, for soulfulness whos not getting a serviceman of the pie In post-colonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the cultural imperialism is secondary a space of difference. Now who would say thats unsloped the oppressed? The work class is oppressed. Its not subaltern Many people lack to claim subalternity. They are the least kindle and the most dangerous.I mean, just by beingness a discriminated against a minority on the university campus, they dont need the word Subaltern . They should mold what the mechanics of discriminat ion are. They are within the hegemonic discourse wanting a fleck of the pie and not being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call themselves subaltern (de Kock, Leon 1992 29-47). Gayatri Spivak suggests that the subaltern is denied access to both representational and political forms of representation. *Ex-Lecturer, Sociology, Govt. Degree College, Jhakhini, Varanasi 2 It whitethorn also be pointed that in some(prenominal) essays, Homi Bhabha, a key-thinker within post-colonial thought, emphasizes the importance of social power relations in his working definition of Subaltern groups as oppressed minority groups whose presence was crucial to the self-definition of the majority group Subaltern social groups were also in a position to subvert the self-confidence of those who had hegemonic power (Laura Garcia et. al. , 1996, pp. 191-207).It is noteworthy that Bonaventura de Sousa Santos (2002) uses the term Subaltern Cosmopolitanism extensivel y in his book. He refers to this in the context of counter-hegemonic practices, movements, granting immunitys and vies against neoliberal globalization, particularly the struggle against social exclusion. He also uses the term interchangeably with cosmopolitan legality as the diverse normative framework for an compare of differences. Infact, here, the term subaltern is used to denote marginalized and oppressed people(s) specifically struggling against hegemonic globalization.It whitethorn be emphasized that subaltern is a term that comm all refers to the perspective of persons from regions and groups outside the hegemonic power structure. Infact, in the 1970s the term began to be used as a acknowledgement to annex people in the southeasterly- Asiatic sub-continent. It provided a new perspective on the annals of colonized place from the perspective of colonized rather than from the perspective of hegemonic power. In this context, Marxist historians had already begun to view c olonial memorial from the perspective of the proletariat but this was bootless as it was still a Euro-centric direction of viewing the globe.However, Subaltern is now on a regular basis used as a term in history, anthropology, sociology and literature. (Gyan, Prakash, 1994). Subaltern studies began in the archaeozoic 1980s as an intervention in South-Asian historiography. art object it began as a model for the sub-continent, it speedily developed into a vigorous post-colonial critique. The term subaltern studies group (SSG) or subaltern studies collective (SSC) are a group of South Asian scholars interested in the post-colonial and post-imperial societies of South Asia in particular and the growth world in general.It whitethorn be pointed out that the term subaltern studies is sometimes also applied more more often than not to others who share many of their views. Infact, their approach is nonpareil of history from below, focused more on what happens among 3 the masses at the plant levels of society than among the elite. It may be spy that the group associated with the subaltern studies arose in the 1980, influenced by the scholarship of Eric Stokes, to attempt to formulate a new autobiography of the history of India and South Asia.Undoubtedly, as stated before this narration strategy most clearly invigorate by the literature of Gramsci was explicated in the writings of the mentor Ranjit Guha, most clearly in his manifesto in Subaltern studies I and also in his chaste monograph The Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency although they are, in a sense, on the left, they are very critical of the traditional Marxist narrative of Indian history, in which semi-feudal India was colonized by the British, became politicized, and earn its independence.In particular, they are critical of the focus of this narrative on the political consciousness of elites, who in turn inspire the masses to resistance and rebellion against the British. Instead, they foc us on non-elitessubalterns as agents of political and social change. They, infact, receive had a particular interest in the discourses and empty talk of emerging political movements, as against only highly visible actions like demonstrations and uprisings.Thus, from the higher up discourse it can be discover that the Subaltern studies started in the early 1980 as an intervention in South Asian Historiography and emerged as a model for the subcontinent which chop-chop developed into a vigorous post-colonial critique. So far as the formation of subaltern studies group is concerned it was founded by Ranjit Guha. It may be pointed out that in more recent times, some former members have become disillusioned with the post-modern turn that the group has taken (notably Sumit Sarkar who left the group).A galaxy of rarefied scholars such as Ranjit Guha, David Hardiman, Partha Chatterjee, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Gyan Pandey, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Susie Tharu, Gyan Prakash, Sudipta Kavi raj, Edward Said, David Arnold, Gautam Bhadra, Ajay Skaria, Qadri Ismail, Kamran Asdar Ali, Shail Mayaram, Sumit Sarkar (later dissented), Lata Mani, Aamir Mufti, M. S. S. Pandian, Shahid Amin are associated with Subaltern studies. The subaltern image has become so prominent now a days that it is being regularly used in various disciplines such as literature, history, anthropology and sociology etcetera REFERENCES 1. Morton, Stephen, The subaltern Genealogy of a concept, in Gayatri Spivak Ethics. 2. Young, Robert J. C. Postcolonialism A very presently Introduction. virgin York Oxford University Press, 2003. 3. de Kock, Leon, Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak New demesne Writers Conference in South Africa. A Review of International English Literature. 23 (3) 1992 29-47. 4. Bhabha, Homi K. Unsatisfied notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism. textual matter and Nation Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and national Identities. Ed. Laura Garcia Moreno and Peter C.Pfeiffer. Columbia, SC Camden House, 1996 191-207. 5. Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (2002). Towards a New Legal Common Sense, 2nd ed. (London Lexis Nexis Butterworths), particularly, pp. 458-493. 6. Gyan Prakash, Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism, The American diachronic Review, December 1994, Vol. 99, No. 5, 1475-1490, 1476. 7. Chaturvedi, Vinayak, ed. , Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial. London and New York, 2000. 8. Ludden, David, ed. , Reading Subaltern Studies. Critical History, Contested Meaning and the globalisation of South Asia, London, 2001.

A Human Resources Management System Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular based its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the dynamic programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin from software that integrates information extract from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through second one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software particular application both rigid and flexible.Knowledges handling adds strategic price.The function of human resources (HR) departmen ts is administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. senior Management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an imperative and complex process.The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data, which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary.Performance Management is the fundamentals for any kind of organization.

The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human valuable resource management systems enabled higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass:1. Payroll2. Time and attendance3.Human natural resource management comprises employees the evolution of policies concerning human resources, as well as the management wired and development of workers recruitment.Performance record8. Employee self-service9. Scheduling10. Absence management11.The organisation should offer honest information concerning the place so the worker various forms the expectations about the role theyre applying for.

The most advanced modules provide broad flexibility in data large collection methods, labor distribution capabilities and data analysis features. Cost analysis logical and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for international organizations to administer and track employee participation in benefits programs. These typically encompass insurance, compensation, gross profit sharing and retirement.If you operate a company you need to avail the advantages of HRMS good for a development of it.Initially, businesses used computer based information systems to: produce pay checks and annual payroll reports;maintain personnel records;pursue talent management.Online recruiting has become one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to garner potential candidates for available positions within an organization. Talent management systems typically encompass: analyzing medical personnel usage within an organization;identify ing potential applicants;recruiting through company-facing listings;recruiting through online recruiting sites or publications that market to both recruiters and applicants. The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across brigadier general or industry-specific job boards and maintaining a competitive exposure of availabilities has given rise to the further development of a dedicated applicant tracking system, or ‘ATS’, module.Keeping a organization organized entails a whole lot of aspects.

The employee self-service module allows employees to query HR related data and perform some HR transactions over the system. Employees may query their attendance  record from the system without asking the information from HR personnel. The module also lets supervisors approve O.T.Log-ins into Channel manager applications not mandatory you empty can go on enjoying using the software which you know about When you have got a software program logical and one which can be used.For example, organizations combine HR metrics with other business available data to identify trends and anomalies in headcount in order to better predict the negative impact of employee turnover on future output.Management of Employee Turnover and Employee RetentionEmployee retention refers to the mental ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention can be represented by a such simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of new its employees in a given period). However, many consider employee retention as relating to the such efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce.Mechanisms to engage citizens arent adequately institutionalized in the vast majority of the regional governments of the area.

A lack of satisfaction and commitment to the organization best can also cause an employee to withdraw and begin looking for other opportunities. Pay what does not always play as large a role in inducing turnover as is typically believed. In a big business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment high costs and loss of talent and organisational knowledge. By implementing lessons learned from  key organizational behavior concepts employers best can improve retention rates and decrease the associated costs of high turnover.Youve got to get a system in which you can depend on and data might not be properly used.Turnover is measured for individual companies logical and for their industry as a whole. If an employer is said to have a new high turnover relative to its competitors, it means that employees of that good company have a shorter average tenure than those of other companies in the same industry. High turnover may be harmful to a company’s productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of complete novice workers. Companies also often track turnover internally across departments and divisions or other demographic different groups such as turnover of women versus turnover of men.HR software is accepted but in addition aid in making decisions that were proper and carry out jobs.

Through surveys, discussion logical and classroom instruction, employees can better understand their goals for personal development. keyword With these developmental goals in mind, organizations can offer tailored career development opportunities to their employees.Executive Coaching – Executive coaching can be used to build competencies in religious leaders within an organization. Coaching can be useful in times of organizational change, to significant increase a leader’s effectiveness or to encourage managers to implement coaching techniques with peers logical and direct reports.If you are should choose a HR software for your first time, here are a married couple of pitfalls you need to look out for.As each generation holds different expectations for the workplace, it is important to understand the differences between these generations regarding motivation and engagement. Managers, especially, must understand how to handle the differences among their direct repo rts.Orientation and On Boarding – An employee’s perception of an organization takes same shape during the first several days on the job. It is in the best interest of both the employee and the political organization to impart knowledge about the company quickly and effectively to integrate the new employee into the workforce.ERP software may be used unlooked for various industries.

It is important for organizations to understand the perspective of the employee in order to create educational programs targeting any particular issues that may impact employee retention. Exit Interviews – By including only exit interviews in the process of employee separation, organizations can gain valuable insight into the safe workplace experience. Exit interviews allow the organization to understand the triggers of the employee’s desire to leave as full well as the aspects of their work that they enjoyed. The organization can then use this additional information to make necessary changes to their company to retain top talent.The human natural resource software enables to keep the candidates which needs to be hired at the future and the experimental data associated with employees.Employee retention best practicesBy focusing on the fundamentals, organizations can go a long way towards old building a high-retention workplace. Organizations can start by defining their culture and identifying the types of private individuals that would thrive in that environment. Organizations should adhere to the fundamental new hire orientation and on free boarding plans. Attracting and recruiting top talent requires time, resources and capital.Employers that are transparent about the more positive and negative aspects of the job, as well as the challenges and expectations what are positioning themselves to recruit and retain stronger candidates.Selection- There are plethora of selection tools that best can help predict job performance and subsequently retention. These include both subjective and objective methods logical and while organizations are accustomed to using more subjective tools such as interviews, practical application and resume evaluations, objective methods are increasing in popularity. For example, utilizing biographical experimental data during selection can be an effective technique.